Failure of the circulation: shock

• Understands the term shock
• Knowledge of the most common causes of shock, including anaphylactic shock
• Can recognise the most important signs of shock
• Can treat and position a casualty appropriately 

• A result of insuffcient blood flow through the body causing vital organs to be deprived of oxygen
• Usually accompanies injury or illness
• Requires immediate treatment

• Pale, cold, clammy skin or grey-blue skin (especially on lips)
• Sweating & thirst
• Fast, weak pulse
• Weakness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting
• Rapid, shallow breathing, yawning or gasping for air
• Confusion or restlessness
• Unresponsiveness (extreme)

• Call emergency services (999 /112)
• Treat any cause of chock identified during primary survey
• Assist casualty to lie down and raise (& support) legs above heart. (NOT if suspect leg or spinal injury)
• Loosen tight clothing around chest, waist, neck
• Keep warm 
• Monitor pulse, breathing and responsiveness

DO NOT give anything to eat or drink (as may vomit if eat or may need hospital treament)

• Face is RED
• Lift the HEAD
• Face is PALE
• Lift the TAIL