Assess situation for danger before approaching casualty (for yourself, the casualty and others) 

If you identify danger, make it safe. If you cannot make it safe do not approach casualty, seek assistance. 

Check for Response:

• Verbal 
• Look at you
• Raise hand 

If no response: 

• Tap
• Gently shake shoulders
• Check 4 B's = Are they Breathing, Look for any signs of Bleeding, Burns or Broken bones

If still no response: 

• Move to next part of primary service
• Call emergency services if you haven't already. (Avoid leaving casualty alone if possible)

If unresponsive: 

• Hand on forehead and gently tilt head back lifting the chin. Check for airway obstructions, carefully remove if observed. 

If responsive: 

• Ensure nothing is blocking airway, ask to remove blockage themselves. If not possible following 'choking' procedure. If no obstruction, move onto next stage of Primary survey. 

If you cannot check airway

• the NHS advice is to gently lay them on their back and proceed with items in 'unresponsive' section

Check for normal breathing: Look - Listen - Feel

Look: for check movement

Listen: for breathing sounds

Feel: Air from mouth or nose on your cheek for 10 seconds to check breathing is normal

• Responsive and breathing normally - move onto next step of Primary survey
• Unresponsive and breathing normally - See recovery position section
• Unresponsive and not breathing normally - See CPR section

Check for signs of severe bleeding. 

Yes -

See 'Bleeding' section

No: 

Unresponsive & breathing normally = Recovery position + 999 / 112 for assistance

ASK:

• What happened & how?
• What symptoms does casualty have& where?
• What can you see? Can they perform 'normal' functions?

Physical examination (with dignity and respect): 

• What can they feel? Gently feel over casualty body for broken bones / swelling etc
• What can they smell? - Check breath for distinctive smell i.e. fruity breath odour = may indicate diabetes